A little history for you:
HERE and
HERE.
Neither is too long. The second entry touches just a bit on algorithms and binary logic. There was a whole progression of mathematics, thought, and mechanical devices which led to the modern day computer.
The "father" of the programmable computer is generally considered to be
Charles Babbage.
You are not wrong to ask if the word computer is an acronym. I'm just trying to help you understand why the term computer is a literal word, rather than an acronym.