OK, if you were asking whether you might be able to recover deleted files from a functional hard drive, that would be one thing. But, recovery from a damaged drive is another thing, and it's going to require some special tools and techniques. So, I think the answer is this is definitely not a potential do-it-yourself project.
Regarding the Recovery CD, getting one would be a good idea, in my opinion. Was Best Buy going to reinstall Windows? If so, the Recovery CD is not an urgent matter, but getting it is going to provide some level of comfort, I would think, in case it's needed to do a recovery installation of Windows in the future.