as amritpalpathak post, PC can run with Live Disk.
many reasons here.
1- check your data cable (SATA/IDE) of HDD. un-plug data cable but plug power one. if your system start normally, the problem is your data cable. so, check your data cable and data port on Mother Board.
2- check power cable of HDD. try another power cable
3- plug data and power cable to HDD, but do not install it in the case. hold it in your hand carefully and from its side. when you power on, if it shuddering for seconds, your HDD may stile healthy. if not, your HDD maybe dead.