But one day seemingly overnight my computer suddenly became agonizingly slow.
99.9% of the time, this indicates a malware infection.
This effected games even as low res as minecraft.
Minecraft is not low resolution. It's textures are low resolution, but texture mapping is hardly the most intensive task performed by a Graphics pipeline. Add to this the rather messy coding style of the game (for which there are good reasons to be fair), and the dynamic nature of the game and it can often have issues on machines that have no problem with Skyrim (as an example). Anyway, my point is that not being able to run Minecraft isn't really meaningful over not being able to run most other games
To fix this sudden slowness issue I ran a full scan of Norton 360 to check my system and nothing was found.
While the opinion on this forum about Norton differs, I don't think there is going to be much argument when I say that Norton 360 is not particularly encouraging. I would suggest also trying additional Malware prevention software such as Microsoft Security Essentials. Often other software suites will find things that others miss.
I did a similar full system scan in malwarebytes and found a couple of issues but none of which were alarming and all from recycle bin.
Malwarebytes is not flawless Either. It's also possibly a software issue, will get to that in a sec.
Reading the rest of your post though, I don't think this is a malware problem any more than you do. One of the Windows Updates that is most commonly the cause of problems is their automatic updating of Driver software. I've lost count of the number of times Windows Update has broken my Audio Card, Display Adapter, or even Motherboard Chipset Drivers in some way.
There is a good side to this: If you can get into Device Manager, you can roll back drivers to previous versions. I'd start with the Graphics Driver, myself.