You say you "have the original COA etc for the updates." So, does that mean no one else is using that edition of Windows? If someone else is using another installation of Windows based on that COA that you got with the drive, then you don't have a legal license to the software. And, you won't be able to do the proper registration and get all updates.
Most likely, the reason you're seeing the screen that "asks if you would like to start normally/safe mode" is that you don't have drivers installed for the motherboard that you're now trying to use that hard drive with. Have you tried a normal start? Did you succeed? Did you see a Found New Hardware wizard or some other prompts appear when you started the computer? Have you looked in Device Manager to see whether some devices are marked with a yellow triangle with an exclamation mark inside it?