Thanks, patio. I removed the two "Generic USB Hub"s and five "USB Root Hub"s. I did NOT touch the "Intel(R) 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB Universal Host Controller"s (27C8, 27C9, 27CA, 27CB, and 27CC).
When I rebooted, the machine showed my "Register Your Palm" screen, as if I had just installed it (I hadn't manually launched anything, but HotSync is in my Startup folder). Then it walked me through four or five different Toshiba Bluetooth "Found New Hardware Wizards", but the Palm still doesn't sync.
You know how when you plug in a USB device, the computer chimes, "duh-deet", and when you unplug it, the computer goes, "deet-douh"...
When I plug my Palm into the USB, and press sync, the computer goes "deet-douh__duh-duh-duh_deet-douh_duh-duh-duh". The "Connecting with the desktop" screen comes on my Palm, but then nothing happens until it times out.