Computer Hope
Software => Computer programming => Topic started by: jamescv31 on September 14, 2014, 06:44:43 AM
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Greetings I have a question in assembly language debug.com (for anyone have any experience in assembly only): What will be the non fix loop when a user input a letter like "c" then the output must be "d" to "z"? I know the code already just asking what will be the loop for ending in z or Z.
here's my code:
a 100
mov ah, 01
int 21
mov bl, al
mov ah, 02
int 21
mov dl, 0d
int 21
mov cl, 20
mov dl, bl
inc dl
int 21
loop 114
int 20
The problem arises is the iteration where the ending must be Z or z which I couldn't figured out based in HEX Ascii.
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I can help you.
Assembly language is used when needed. Otherwise ,modern desktops and laptops are so fast that thee is little reason to directly use assembly language.
If you are new to programming, it is best to start with something a little up on the ladder. The C language is often given as starring place. I would suggest something even easier to start with. Such as Python.
But let's say you really want to do assembly. OK.
First, document what you want to do. Next, use codes that you already know to get a working model. Then introduce a few new c concepts and try it out.
For General Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_assembly_language
x86 assembly language is a family of backward-compatible assembly languages, which provide some level of compatibility all the way back to the Intel 8008. x86 assembly languages are used to produce object code for the x86 class of processors. Like all assembly languages, it uses short mnemonics to represent the fundamental instructions that the CPU in a computer can understand and follow. Compilers sometimes produce assembly code as an intermediate step when translating a high level program into machine code. Regarded as a programming language, assembly coding is machine-specific and low level. Assembly languages are more typically used for detailed and time critical applications such as small real-time embedded systems or operating system kernels and device drivers.
I put that here so others know what we are talking about.
You description sounds like an input procedure where the user must enter a specific key from the keyboard. You code does not look like an input routine. Please clarify what you want to do and why you sue specific codes.
If you are using Linux, you must use only 32 bit code. And if you have a 64bit Windows system you also must use either 32 code. Or else 64 bit code.
Use you- can use 16 bit code only on 32 bit versions of Windows. Your code fragment did not say. Also, your ought to document with system calls your are using with INT 21H so that others can help you.
Here is preference that explains why IN 21h is used in assembly:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1245809/what-is-int-21h
In general, that call should have two parameters in registers. One a byte value and the other a pointer. Faille to do that can have strange results.
EDIT: If the OP is using MS-DOS or a compatible OS, he needs to understand the DOS API:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS_API
My bad. I said byte value. It must be word value.
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actually just wanted to know how to have a loop that ends only in Z when a user input any letter.
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OK. But before trying a code fragment, we need a concise statement of what we want to do. It should be something g useful, me3inghfull or educational.
The standard assembler will treat the ; as a comment
; ******************
; TEST.ASM
; a very simple test
; get a user input
; check to see if it is a Z
; in not increment,
; otherwise quit.
; *********************This is a standard way of doing documentation in assembler. In this kind of programming documentation should never be thought of a s an option. Once you have a clear statement of intent and purpose, the code becomes easy.
I did assembly programming years ago and had to work with other people. Documentation was part of the job description.
Does the above describe what you intend? If so, I will show you the code. But if not,there is no point in showing you code for what you do not need.
Unless you say otherwise, I well assume the environment is some version of MS-DOS from 3 up running on an Intel 8086 or equal.
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Actually the mov ah, 01 tends to type an input by a letter. so if its enter "t" then the next line for result is "u" to "z". "c" then result is "d" to "z". Which the iteration of loop is not fix.
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You can not use LOOP in the debug assembly.
Use JNZ or JZ instead
I will test your code and come back later today.
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Actually we are in the matter of looping, and not yet been discuss for us regarding to JNZ or JZ unless I'm gonna advance study however this is for our probably activity in class which no one could solve the algorithm.
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So this is an exercise in an introductory course?
Kindly Tell you instructor to get some material.
Look for this:
How to use debug to write very small com files
These are links that take you to good places.
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-write-the-world-s-smallest-%22Hello-World!%22-e/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debug_%28command%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS_API
I have attached a script named test.txt but it does not work right.
EDIT: Another link:
http://kipirvine.com/asm/debug/Debug_Tutorial.pdf
[attachment deleted by admin to conserve space]
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Close enough but is there a possible to end in letter "z"?
So that any letter to be input will be the output until z only. (b = c to z, r = s to z)
However I couldn't get exact arithmetic problems based on ASCII.
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Here is the verified version of your code.
F0100 01FF 76
A 100
mov ah, 01 ; get input cahr
int 21 ; system call
mov dl, al ; copy char
mov dh, dl ; save for return code
push dx ; save it on stack
mov ah, 02 ; do output char
int 21 ; system call
pop dx ; get it back
mov al, dl ; copy for compare
inc dl ; bump up by one
cmp al, 5A ; is it a Z?
nop ; nothing does not change flags
jnz 0108 ; **** not equal, loop ****
nop ; no op
mov ax, 4C00 ; this is better exit code
mov al, dh ; get user input charfor error code
int 21 ; system end
nop ; nothing
db 'Z'
nop ; nothing
ntest.com
rcx
0100
w
q
The blanks are needed for the script. The script command is:
DEBUG <TEST.TXT
which will create the file TEST.COM in your DOS directory
The letter Z can be place in code with this:
DB 'Z'
which tells the assembler to reserve a data byte with the initial value of the ASCII letter Z.
The file is also attached below.
[attachment deleted by admin to conserve space]
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So it means that verified version of code will not loop. Once an input of a letter is entered? Because the only that someone stated for us is by having a arithmetic operation of CX will determine the until Z only.
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Unfortunately it is hard to document a debug script
Here r is the explanation:
ntest.com ; name file as text.com
rcx ; specify the cx register
0100 ; set it to 256 bytes
w ; write it to the current drive and directory
q ; quite debug and return to DOS
This illustrates why anything more than a fragment of code should be done with standard assembler. Like NASM, which is free.
Did you try the code?
The script creates TEST.COM
Here is the output:
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
D:\BIN>test
CCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
D:\BIN>
With Caps On the user entered the letter C and the program generated the rest of the letters until Z was found. Now if he enters a lower case c, you will get a surprize.
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Oh, well it works however is there a way using the syntax of CX? by using arithmetic cause that may cause problems if I will use the code and our instructor may not allowed it.
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CX does nothing in the code. The code finish as shown below
mov ax, 4C00 ; this is better exit code
mov al, dh ; get user input charfor error code
int 21 ; system end
The instructions after that a re divestitures to the DEBUG.EXE program to create a executable file, namely TEST.COM
The command
DEBUJG <TEST.TXT
creates the file TEST.COM
If you wish to continue using DEBUG, you must learn the syntax.
Please show this thread to your instructor. You are getting free help from a retired professional 8086 coder. This is the best I can do for you. :)
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So it means its not possible to have CX/ Counter Register to show how many iterations and stop on Z?
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You could use cx, requjiires more push and pop.
Register dh has the char the user input. The current version sets the error code to this value. This count be used as a counter instead.
You must assume int 21 alters any registers. So you must save the register with a push and later pop. The program already saves the dx register pair.
See if you can modify the program to use dl as a counter. Or use cx if you wish.