Well, the author is wrong then.
I'll take Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 as an example, the 32 bit versions. For a start, they're different kernel numbers, 5.1 vs 5.2. Windows Server supports up to 128GB of memory via PAE, whereas XP supports 4GB. Windows XP supports 2 physical CPUs, whereas Server 03 supports 32. Windows Server 2003 ships with newer drivers, supports clustering, and ships with a newer version of IIS.
There are just a few differences from the top of my head - certainly more than just a few registry changes.
To all intents and purposes, the Server and "personal" editions of Windows are different beasts.