Hard drive connected via USB 2.0
External hared drive adapters have a bad rap. Th fail rather often. But in some cases it is the external power supply, not the interface.
On thing you can try is to connect the drive directly in you desktop with power and SATA cables. But if the drive is the older 'IDE' style, you can put in where your CD rive was, if it is an IDE type.
Or, try another external USB and power supply interface.