Projects compiled with Visual Studio 2008 using a .NET language or C++/CLI require .NET 3.5; standard C++ programs do not (they do however require the C++ 2008 run-time redistributable).
Also, I hardly see that as a limitation, certainly not one that should become a deciding factor, not for any reason I can think of.
An Error message does appear- "The Application Failed to initialize properly (0xc0000135) click on OK to terminate the application" It doesn't explicitly say "you need to install the framework" or anything, but then again Visual Basic 6 applications don't say "you need to install the VB runtimes" and C/C++ apps don't say "you need the Microsoft C/C++ Run-time" either, so... yeah.