C:\Windows\System32\oobe\msoobe.exe /a
^ Should bring up the activation window directly.
Unfortunately, it doesn't work in safe mode, and- if I understand the description of the problem- they aren't able to get into a usable Normal mode desktop.
Here is something that might work in safe mode to get back to normal mode.
Start-Run (Or Winkey-R or whatever you prefer)
rundll32.exe syssetup,SetupOobeBnk
This resets some of the Activation data, which
may allow Normal mode to get to a usable desktop; run it in safe mode and give it a few moments and restart the machine. If it get's you back into normal mode, you could use the command given by Gray1989, run the shortcut in the start menu, or use the notification area icon to get to the activation wizard. The latter two seem to only exist if the Installation detects it isn't activated, the third will start the product activation wizard (directly, as stated) which will be useful when the shortcut is gone and the notification area nagger is missing.
Of course, if the first command doesn't work, there seem to be sporadic reports (as you've noted) that installing IE8 seems to help resolve this problem.