good morning hockeysticks and welcome back to CH
Sorry i was not trying to loose you by putting in terms / info that you may not know how to check or fix and I am not trying to be a wise guy either
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Now for this
"I put the access key in and it no longer requires it again" that is normal if all the settings are correct and if the key is entered correct than it should not ask you for it any more if that is what you are talking about.
for #4... The reason why I put this part in was your laptop was a
"I got a Panasonic Let's Note series laptop. It's the Japanese version of the Toughbook." so if you where in the US now than you would have to set up the router for US channels in the router interface. Sorry this I was assuming because you had a Japanese unit.
for #5... In the router interface any PC's / equipment can be blocked by IP address / mac address so it can not get on / connect to the network and internet.
In most cases when a wireless connection is getting set up but then looses that connection almost instantly that is a configuration issue or it appears it will connect but never really does that is a configuration issue. If the drivers where the issue you would not have been able to
"I got it to work at 2 different computer shops I have visited in the past couple of days."
Sorry I can tell you how to check the router web app and how to check / make changes because I don't know what model router you have and what country you are in now.
Please let us know how you make out, Mike