I'll let memtest run again overnight tonight. When I boot in safe mode, it doesn't crash, per se, but it freezes up as it's loading drivers/Windows files. It doesn't matter if it's regular safe mode, with networking, or with command prompt. They all freeze up like that and I have to restart.
I was just working on a Word document when it crashed. The thing is, it had crashed a few times a couple weeks ago just randomly. When I'd restart, it would only list the optical drive and the LAN as the boot options. Then I'd shut down and restart and it would start like normal (booting from the HDD). After it did that a couple of times, I thought maybe it was because I had a microSD card in an adapter inserted in the computer. I removed that and it stopped crashing for over a week. Then this crash happened and I haven't been able to get past the Windows loading screen since then.
I have a bootable Windows 7 Ultimate USB I created, but when I run the startup repair option from there it says that it cannot repair the problem (same as when I try startup repair from the currently loaded Windows). And I've tried booting from last known good configuration, but it just runs into the same problem where it crashes right as the Windows logo is loading.
I guess my only option right now is to run memtest overnight and see if that tells me anything that could help.