I wonder if you had only the one system restore point from 2010 because of doing the procedure in that link, and it cleared your more recent ones. When I looked in the folder it mentioned (C:\WINDOWS\repair) on my system, it had the registry hives dated the last time I did a full backup (with NT Backup), which was nearly 11 months ago. Did you do a backup in 2010, or did you initially install Windows then?
My guess from looking at that procedure described is that it seems to either create a system restore point from registry hives in the above-mentioned directory, or from the Win install CD. It's kind of a convoluted method, because there's a far simpler way to directly copy the registry hive files to the Windows registry (via a live Linux disc, as you mentioned). I wonder if you wouldn't have been a lot better off having used a lot more recent restore point BEFORE having tried that procedure. (Presumably they would've still been present then.)
If you would happen to have any backup of your files, that would be the easiest way to restore them to usability.
But if not, since your registry has been reset pretty much back to the start anyway, I'd suggest trying to repair your installation of Windows XP by performing an in-place upgrade. You can repair a damaged Windows installation if you run Windows Setup from the Windows XP CD-ROM. It's a shot in the dark, but it's possible it could do something for updating the registry to make your files visible again. If not, it's not likely to make anything worse than already is the case with that old system restore.