Hi
With the drive connected by sata to the motherboard is it detected in the bios?
If it is but not shown when the computer boots then there is several causes.
The drive may be from a bios locked computer normally a laptop. So the Laptop starts and then shows a key symbol and you enter the key and the drive starts booting. in which case it is only accessible when plugged into that computer.
Is it is possible the drive has a lot of bad sectors or failing , if so then windows is not the best OS to be working on the drive as it will disable access to protect the data. In this case us a copy of Linux to access the drive.
Is the drive from a Apple Mac if so it will be in in HFS or APFs format which windows cannot read.
You could try Disk Management in Windows to see if the drive shows.