first the computer is all like, "hey, there a boot sector with valid data in the shizzouse?" and the boot sector is all like, "WASSAP!" and then the computer reads the boot sector, which complains about being tickled. The boot loader looks in predesignated locations (usually on the root of the drive, because most boot loaders are too small to include directory traversal abilities), so, then it loads the OS, and the OS is all like, "hey d00ds!" to all the hardware:
Video Card:mmm, colours.
network card: must talk. Must network. Socialize. OPEN THE CONNECTION! LOAD MY DRIVER!
Sound Card: Hey, you guys ever met my aunt santa cruz? Man, she's a big one, but she makes a darn good pie, if you ask me. Why I remember this o....
Chipset: Shut up already, god, you're always making sound.
Sound Card: It's what I do. Hey, anybody got an IRQ?
Chipset, oh yeah, here I'll give you guys some. OK, Video Card
Video Card: What up?
Chipset: You're gonna be IRQ 9
Video Card: Aww man. OK.
Chipset: Network card? You'll be IRQ12.
Network card: OK. can I start communicating yet?
Chipset: Timer, you'll be IRQ 0, but you know that, you're always IRQ 0.
Timer: Took you long enough. You know I'm timing you.
Chipset: Ok, now whats left here- parallel port at IRQ 7, Com ports at addresses 0x...
Sound Card: Hey, I want an IRQ!
Chipset: Oh yeah, I forgot about you- hmm, I guess you'll share a IRQ with the network card, IRQ 12
Network card:hey buddy.
Sound Card: I ain't sharin with a stinking network card! what if I get Networkually transmitted diseases?
Network card: Don't worry, I've got protection, a Firewall. Might hurt a bit though.
Computer: stop you're squabbling! The boot loader wants to issue some commands!
Boot loader: Hard Drive. load NTLDR.
Hard Drive: you are NTLDR. Burp.
Boot Loader: ACK! you've burped on the drive!
Hard Drive: bah, it's wasn't important, just user data.
Boot Loader: Oh ok, try not to damage my files though.
Hard Drive: I really should not have talked to that USB enclosure. I think I caught something.
HDD interface: What! you've been cheating on me?
Hard Drive: uhh, Not this again. Hey, the DVD drive is a lot more promiscuous then I am, and I don't hear you complain to him!
HDD Interface: Don't make excuses, the DVD drive also uses removable media.
DVD Drive: yeah, there is one in here to. looks like a XP CD.
Boot loader: woah woah- hold on a sec- a XP CD?
DVD Drive: yeah- it's shiny. I'll spin it faster for no reason.... psychedelic!
Boot loader: Ok ok, well let's get on with this- Hard Drive! load the OS, just like last time.
HDD: OK.
...
...
...
Boot Loader: what are you doing?
HDD: oh, sorry, I detected a SMART error. what were you saying?
Boot Loader: of course their is a SMART error, because your STUPID! now load the OS.
and FINALLY after the POST, the boot begins. Of course that whole discussion (or more precisely, a more verbose version of it) occurs everytime the computer boots! what fun!