List of live CDs, updated June 3. 2011
No just Linux. There are so many out there you should have at least a couple in your toolbox.
This is a list of live CDs. A live CD or live DVD is a CD or DVD containing a bootable computer operating system. Live CDs are unique in that they have the ability to run a complete, modern operating system on a computer lacking mutable secondary storage, such as a hard disk drive.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LiveDistros
The Wikipedia page also has many links to related material.
No surprise that flavors of Ubuntu are listed. And various BSD based
Some less know or unusual include:
DOS-based
Knoppix-based
Mac OS X-based
Rescue and repair live CDs
Microsoft Windows-based
Note: Some interesting comments about distributing windows based Live CDs.