Logic Gate

[TurtlesNThings]

I was wondering.....when looking at a NOT Gate....what causes the output to change from above the transistor to below it... what overcomes the force.

[Geek-9pm]

I was wondering.....when looking at a NOT Gate....what causes the output to change from above the transistor to below it... what overcomes the force.

From you request it is not clear what information you need.

There are books on the subject. Would you like a list of books abo0u logic devices ussd in present day computers?

Hee is a link that will get you started on the basics.
http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/logic/logic_1.html

As well as TTL and CMOS technology, simple digital logic gates can also be made by connecting together diodes, transistors and resistors to produce RTL, Resistor-Transistor logic gates, DTL, Diode-Transistor logic gates or ECL, Emitter-Coupled logic gates but these are less common now compared to the popular CMOS family.

Integrated Circuits or IC’s as they are more commonly called, can be grouped together into families according to the number of transistors or “gates” that they contain. For example, a simple AND gate my contain only a few individual transistors, were as a more complex microprocessor may contain many thousands of individual transistor gates. Integrated circuits are categorised according to the number of logic gates or the complexity of the circuits within a single chip with the general classification for the number of individual gates given as:

Is that any help to you? 

[DaveLembke]

Unsure what info you need... basically with a NOT gate its an Inverter so if your NOT gate / Interter operates on 5 Volts, you feed a 1 into it where 1= 5 Volt  you get a 0 = 0 Volt output or feed a 0 = 0 Volt into it and you get a 1 = 5 Volt output. If you feed a squarewave signal into it with a 5 Volt amplitude you get the inverse squarewave as the output also at a 5 volt amplitude etc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverter_(logic_gate)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_wave

So an input of

0101010101  will Invert to
1010101010

And

1111111111 will Invert to
0000000000

There is a threshold that has to be met for the Inverter to function, such as a minimal voltage. With the 7404 Inverter IC's I remember having some issues around the 4.72 Volt range where it would drop out with some circuits I was working with. You want your voltage input to it to be at least 1 to 2 tenths of a volt greater than the dropout voltage. Otherwise you will get false outputs. Quick look at data sheet on the 7404 and its 4.75 to 5.25VDC https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/74ls04-datasheet   For a transistor based NOT gate circuit you will also have to worry about drop out if the voltage is too low, or if voltage dips from a heavy current draw to output a false state as a result of voltage dipping fast from a 1 to a 0 and back to 1 as the input side of your NOT gate which would cause an output to be 0 then 1 and then 0 again.

[Geek-9pm]

DaveLembke,
Many moden devices do not use the TTL gates, like the 7404. Instead the logic chips now are made with some form or variant of CMOS technology. This helps reduce noise and jitter. For a time, CMOS was slower, but new methods have the new logic designs as fast as the old TTL. Besides, the old TTL chops took more powqer.
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/digital/chpt-3/logic-signal-voltage-levels/

Also:
http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc04.pdf
data for the 74HC04 chip,