You don't say what model Lenovo IdeaCentre S10 is the 4 digit model number would give a lot clearer specs.
One area that is faster on the laptop is loading programs and data. The laptop having a small electronic drive integrated into the motherboard which is about 4 times faster than the 1TB in the Lenovo.
Lenovo's have utilities that start and remain in memory when windows starts most of these are not necessary or can be run when required.
I would expect the graphics performance to be the same as both are onboard.
Also the laptop Atom processor is no slug.
Windows 10 on the Laptop is likely to be really clean of start up programs.
You can check the disk speed with Benchme from reclaimme
http://www.benchbench.com/Also it may be possible depending on the Lenovo model to put a 1050 graphics card in, 1 of the 1/2 height models probable.
And maybe an ssd to get the same disk performance as the laptop.