Room for future expansion. It's only 2 - 2.5 Gig...
depends on the system. the 32-bit address width limits a 32-bit OS, no matter how much you tweak, to a definite limit of 4GB of RAM- however as with all PCs since the original a good portion of memory is stolen by the system. On the XT, for example, this was a teensy bit above the 640K of DOS memory (XT's could take 1MB of RAM). not all of this was used so that is how we got the HMA (high memory area)... but enough of that.
obviously nowadays peripherals and the system store a lot more data in the upper echelons of RAM; I have often heard that Video RAM is addressed here, but that is a load of bollocks- the VRAM is accessed via the display driver routines and or I/O addresses. what is actually reserved is for shared system memory, which Both AGP and PCI-E support. If more VRAM really did consume actual memory address space it would be kind of pointless to have VRAM in the first place anyway.
What is really consuming this space is the I/O address lanes of each peripheral; flipping bits here and there, writing memory, reading memory here and there at device I/O addresses in memory can tell you things about those devices. this RAM is reserved, and cannot be used for running applications.