1. Ping Results. If the computer is able to request and then receive TCP/IP configuration from the router (DHCP server 192.168.1.1), I would expect it to successfully "ping" the router. [Although this DHCP DORA traffic is "broadcast" (IPv4 address 255.255.255.255) to and from the router.]
a. What "response" was displayed for each failure?
I suspect the ping traffic through the NIC is being blocked by a firewall. If so, make the necessary corrections, reboot, then attempt to "ping" router again.
2. Firewall(s). In order to "ping" successfully, your firewall(s) must be configured to permit ICMP message traffic through. You should not have more than one third party firewall installed (including such functionality within security software suites or antivirus packages). Please ensure you have no third party firewall(s) "enabled"; or better yet uninstall them while troubleshooting this issue.
Since you are behind a home router (which probably has firmware firewall component built-in on the WAN/Internet interface), please also ensure the Windows Firewall is "off".
3. Route Table(s). Configuration errors in the routing table may affect network communications. Suggest you compare "route" table of the computer to that of the working laptop. If you're still unable to ping router, you may "post" the computer route table.
From a Command Prompt window, enter "route print" to display the table. To facilitate posting, you may use the optional syntax "route print > whatever.txt" which directs output to the text file. Then you may use "notepad.exe" to view, select, copy, and paste contents to a post.
What I mean by failed is that I get a "Request timed out." with 100% packet loss. 4 sent, 0 received.
I'm pretty sure I don't have any third party firewalls. All I've got is the antivirus component of Bitdefender. I don't have any of the suites.
When I turn off the windows firewall I get the same results.
Route Print of faulty networking computer
===========================================================================
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...03 00 67 06 77 67 ...... NVIDIA nForce Networking Controller - Packet Scheduler Miniport
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.107 20
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.107 20
192.168.1.107 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.107 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.107 20
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.107 1
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
Route Print from working laptop
===========================================================================
Interface List
17...00 26 c6 3c e9 7d ......Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter
13...00 26 c6 3c e9 7c ......Intel(R) WiFi Link 5100 AGN
11...00 26 9e 8b 35 0f ......Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet
1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
18...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter
19...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2
20...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3
16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface
===========================================================================
IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.105 20
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
169.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.105 296
169.254.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.105 276
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.105 276
192.168.1.105 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.105 276
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.105 276
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.105 276
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.105 276
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
IPv6 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
If Metric Network Destination Gateway
16 58 ::/0 On-link
1 306 ::1/128 On-link
16 58 2001::/32 On-link
16 306 2001:0:4137:9e76:3494:c09e:bd1b:e96b/128
On-link
11 276 fe80::/64 On-link
16 306 fe80::/64 On-link
16 306 fe80::3494:c09e:bd1b:e96b/128
On-link
11 276 fe80::515e:f373:51f6:f784/128
On-link
1 306 ff00::/8 On-link
16 306 ff00::/8 On-link
11 276 ff00::/8 On-link
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
I of course did these route prints by using the same network cable between the two machines.