Simple answer is that you record at a levelalways below the clip level.
You will need to experiment. I often record at levels about -12db relative to the max. Then I ask the sound editor, audacity,m to 'normalize the sound later. Before I put Audio up for other to hear, I would use some process to hold the level steady.People do not like it when the level keeps going up and down. (Unless that is part of the effect you want.)
Some audio systems have automatic level control. Which I find to be an annoyance, so I turn it off. Unless I am feeling lazy Editors like Audacity have better volume compressors that you can adjust for best results.
Again, do not record at high level for a live recording. Use the 'normalize' tool before you save the mix.