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About
fc and history
Syntax
Examples
Related commands
Linux / Unix main page
About fc and history
The 'fc' utility lists or edits and
re-executes, commands previously entered to an interactive sh.
The 'history' utility allows you to use words from previous
command lines in the command line you are typing. This simplifies spelling corrections and the repetition of
complicated commands or arguments.
Syntax
CSH - C SHELL
history [-h] [-r] [n]
| ! |
Start a history substitution, except when followed
by a space character, tab, newline, = or (. |
| !! |
Runs the last command that you ran. |
| !10 |
Re-run
line number 10 in the history. |
| !-n |
Refer to the current command line minus n. |
| !?str? |
Refer to the most recent command containing
str (string). |
| !str |
Re runs the last command that you
ran that starts with str (string). |
KSH - KORN SHELL
fc [-e editor] [-n] [-l] [-r] [-s] [ first [ last ] ]
| -e
editor |
Use the editor named by editor to edit the
commands. The editor string is a utility name, subject to search via the PATH variable. The value in
the FCEDIT variable is used as a default when -e is not specified. If FCEDIT is null or unset, ed will be used as the editor. |
| -n |
Suppress command numbers when listing with -l. |
| -l |
List the commands rather than invoking an editor on them. The commands will be
written in the sequence indicated by the first and last operands, as affected by -r, with each
command preceded by the command number. |
| -r |
Reverse the order of printout to be most recent first rather than oldest first. |
| -s |
Re-execute the command without invoking an editor. |
| first [last] |
Select the commands to list or edit. The number of previous commands that can be accessed is
determined by the value of the HISTSIZE variable. The value
of first or last or both will be one of the following:
| [+]number |
A positive number representing a command number; command numbers can be displayed with the -l option. |
| -number |
A negative decimal number representing the command that was executed number of commands previously. For example, -1 is the immediately previous command. |
| string |
A string indicating the most recently entered command that begins with that string. If the old=new operand is not also specified with -s, the string form of the first operand cannot contain an embedded equal sign. |
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Examples
Fc:
fc -l - Would list the history of commands on the
computer similar to the following:
2 grep --help
3 bg
4 fg
5 pine
6 cd public_html
7 rm index.html
8 sz index.html
9 ls -laxo
10 chmod 755 index.htm
fc -e - ls - Would execute the last ls command.
History:
history - Typing history alone would give
results similar to the following:
2 grep --help
3 bg
4 fg
5 pine
6 cd public_html
7 rm index.html
8 sz index.html
9 ls -laxo
10 chmod 755 index.htm
!ls - Would execute the last ls command.
!! - Would execute the last command executed.
See our Unix shortcut page
for additional shortcuts that can be used in Unix / Linux.
Related commands
csh
ed
ksh
sh
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