Don't get a multimeter and start poking around the motherboard. Are you crazy? Especially when the person doing it has no idea what he/she is doing. You might short the MB out.
You demonstrate no electrical knowledge. One technique to find defective semiconductors is short them out. Create a temporary circuit change. A shorted output causes no digital electronics damage. And is a routine technique in electronics diagnosis. But you would fear shorting? Without basic electrical knowledge, you can only fear. With basic electrical knowledge, you would have known a multimeter used inside a live machine is perfectly safe – what any minimally trained tech routinely does.
With electrical knowledge, you know exactly where the meter is probing - in the nylon connector where supply connects to motherboard. How does anyone short that? They don't. But with basic electrical knowledge, you also know supply outputs can be shorted together and no damage occurs even to the supply. Shorting outputs together without damage is a required test that every power supply must pass. With simplest electrical knowledge, you would have known that. Using a 3.5 digit multimeter in a live machine has been standard procedure even 40 years ago. Meter probe can touch anything and not cause damage – even to the meter.
Too many self proclaimed computer *experts* have zero electrical knowledge. Routinely recommend replacing parts on wild speculation because shotgunning only what they understand.
30 seconds of labor and the meter. The next post can immediately identify parts are suspect or defective. An answer that is definitive. No more 'try this and try that' nonsenese that the electrically naïve do. Shame on you for not learning basic electrical techniques and then replying to an electrical question.
No tool identifies and solves the OP's problem faster than a multimeter. Only those without knowledge would post fear.
Push the probe into that nylon connector to read voltages from each colored wire both before and when the power switch is pressed. Start with numbers from the purple, green, and gray wires. Then see what voltages do on any one of the orange, red, and yellow wires as power switch is pressed. Those numbers in 30 seconds can result in reams of knowledge about your system. And identify the problem.
Only alternative is to keep replacing parts on wild speculation until something works – shotgunning.