Link-editor for object files.
| -a |
In static mode only, produce an executable object file; give errors for undefined references. This is the default behavior for static mode. -a may not be used with the -r option. |
| -r |
Combine relocatable object files to produce one relocatable object file. ld will not complain about unresolved references. This option cannot be used in dynamic mode or with -a. |
| -b |
In dynamic mode only, when creating an executable, do not do special processing for relocations that reference symbols in shared objects. Without the -b option, the link-editor creates special position-independent relocations for references to functions defined in shared objects and arranges
for data objects defined in shared objects to be copied into the memory image of the executable by the runtime linker. With the -b option, the output code may be more efficient, but it will be less sharable. |
| -G |
In dynamic mode only, produce a shared object. Undefined symbols are allowed. |
| -i |
Ignore LD_LIBRARY_PATH. This option is useful when an LD_LIBRARY_PATH setting is in effect to
influence the runtime library search, which would interfere with the link-editing being performed. |
| -m |
Produce a memory map or listing of the input/output sections, together with any non-fatal multiply defined symbols, on the standard output. |
| -s |
Strip symbolic information from the output file. Any debugging information, that is .debug, .line, and .stab sections, and their associated
relocation entries will be removed. Except for relocatable files or shared objects, the symbol table and string table sections will also be removed from the output object file. |
| -t |
Turn off the warning about multiply defined
symbols that are not the same size. |
| -V |
Output a message giving information about the
version of ld being used. |
| -B dynamic | static |
Options governing library inclusion. -B dynamic is valid in dynamic mode only. These options may be specified any number of times on the command line as toggles: if the -B static option is given, no shared objects will be accepted until -B dynamic is seen. See also the -l option. |
| -B group |
Establishes a shared object and its dependencies as a group. Objects within the group will be bound to other members of the group at runtime. The
runtime processing of an object containing this flag mimics that which occurs if the object is added to a process using dlopen(3X) with the RTLD_GROUP mode. As the group must be self contained, use of the -B group option also asserts the -z defs option. |
| -B local |
Cause any global symbols, not assigned to a
version definition, to be reduced to local. Version definitions can be supplied via a mapfile and indicate the global symbols that should remain visible in the generated object. This option achieves the same symbol reduction as the
auto-reduction directive available as part of a mapfile version definition and may be useful when
combining versioned and non-versioned relocatable objects. |
| -B eliminate |
Cause any global symbols not assigned to a version definition to be eliminated from the symbol table. This option achieves the same symbol elimination as the auto-elimination directive available as part of a mapfile version definition. |
| -B reduce |
When generating a relocatable object, cause the reduction of symbolic information defined by any version definitions. Version definitions can be supplied via a mapfile to indicate the global
symbols that should remain visible in the generated object. When a relocatable object is generated, by default version definitions are only recorded in the output image. The actual reduction of symbolic information will be carried out when the object itself is used in the construction of a dynamic executable or shared object. This option is applied automatically when dynamic executable or shared object is created. |
| -B symbolic |
In dynamic mode only. When building a shared object, binds references to global symbols to their definitions, if available, within the object. Normally, references to global symbols within shared objects are not bound until runtime, even if definitions are available, so that
definitions of the same symbol in an executable or other shared object can override the object's own
definition. ld will issue warnings for undefined symbols unless -z defs overrides. |
| -dy | n |
When -dy, the default, is specified, ld uses dynamic linking; when -dn is specified, ld uses
static linking. See also -B dynamic|static. |
| -D token |
Print debugging information, as specified by each token, to the standard error. The special token help indicates the full list of tokens available. |
| -e epsym |
Set the entry point address for the output file to be that of the symbol epsym. |
| -f name |
Useful only when building a shared object.
Specifies that the symbol table of the shared object is used as an auxiliary filter on the symbol table of the shared object specified by name. Multiple instances of this option are allowed. This option may not be combined with the -F option. |
| -F name |
Useful only when building a shared object.
Specifies that the symbol table of the shared object is used as a filter on the symbol table of the shared object specified by name. Multiple instances of this option are allowed. This option may not be combined with the -f option. |
| -h name |
In dynamic mode only, when building a shared object, record name in the object's dynamic
section. name will be recorded in executables that are linked with this object rather than the object's Unix System file name. Accordingly, name will be used by the runtime linker as the name of the shared object to search for at runtime. |
| -I name |
When building an executable, use name as the path name of the interpreter to be written into the program header. The default in static mode is no interpreter; in dynamic mode, the default is the name of the runtime linker,
ld.so.1. Either case may be overridden by -I name.
exec will load this interpreter when it loads a.out and will pass control to the interpreter rather than to a.out directly. |
| -L path |
Add path to the library search directories. ld searches for libraries first in any directories
specified by the -L options and then in the standard directories. This option is useful only if it precedes the -l options to which it applies on the command line. The environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH may be used to supplement the library search path. |
| -l x |
Search a library libx.so or libx.a, the
conventional names for shared object and archive libraries, respectively. In dynamic mode, unless
the -B static option is in effect, ld searches each directory specified in the library search path for a libx.so or libx.a file. The directory search stops at the first directory containing either. ld chooses the file ending in .so if -lx expands to two files with names of the form libx.so and libx.a. If no libx.so is found, then ld accepts libx.a. In static mode, or when the -B static option is in effect, ld selects only the
file ending in .a. ld searches a library when it encounters its name, so the placement of -l is significant. |
| -M mapname |
Read mapfile as a text file of directives to ld . This option may be specified multiple times. If mapfile is a directory, then all regular files, as defined by
stat, within the directory will be processed. See Linker and Libraries Guide for description of mapfiles. There are mapfiles in
/usr/lib/ld that show the default layout of programs as well as mapfiles for linking 64-bit
programs above or below 4 gigabytes. See the FILES section below. |
| -N string |
This option causes a DT_NEEDED entry to be added to the .dynamic section of the object being built. The value of the DT_NEEDED string will be the string specified on the command line. This option is position dependent, and the DT_NEEDED .dynamic entry will be relative to the other dynamic
dependencies discovered on the link-edit line. |
| -o outfile |
Produce an output object file named outfile. The name of the default object file is a.out. |
| -Q y | n |
Under -Qy, an ident string is added to the
.comment section of the output file to identify the version of the link-editor used to create the file. This results in multiple ld idents when
there have been multiple linking steps, such as when using ld -r. This is identical with the default action of the cc command. -Qn suppresses version identification. |
| -R path |
A colon-separated list of directories used to specify library search directories to the runtime linker. If present and not NULL, it is recorded in the output object file and passed to the runtime linker. Multiple instances of this option are
concatenated together with each path separated by a colon. |
| -u symname |
Enter symname as an undefined symbol in the symbol table. This is useful for loading entirely from an archive library, since initially the symbol table is empty, and an unresolved reference is needed to force the loading of the first routine. The
placement of this option on the command line is significant; it must be placed before the library that will define the symbol. |
| -Y P,dirlist |
Change the default directories used for finding libraries. dirlist is a colon-separated path list. |
| -z allextext |
defaultextract | weakextract |
Alter the extraction criteria of objects from any archives that follow. By default archive members are extracted to satisfy undefined references and
to promote tentative definitions with data definitions. Weak symbol references do not trigger extraction. Under -z allextract, all archive members are extracted from the archive. Under -z
weakextract, weak references trigger archive extraction. -z defaultextract provides a means of returning to the default following use of the former extract options. |
| -z combreloc |
Combine multiple relocation sections. Reduces
overhead when objects are loaded into memory. |
| -z defs |
Force a fatal error if any undefined symbols remain at the end of the link. This is the default when an executable is built. It is also useful when building a shared object to assure that the object is self-contained, that is, that all its symbolic references are resolved internally. |
| -z nodefs |
Allow undefined symbols. This is the default when a shared object is built. When used with
executables, the behavior of references to such undefined symbols is unspecified. |
| -z ignore | record |
Ignore, or record, dynamic dependencies that are not referenced as part of the link-edit. By default, -z record is in effect. |
| -z lazyload | nolazyload |
nable or disable the marking of dynamic
dependencies to be lazily loaded. Dynamic dependencies which are marked lazyload will not be loaded at initial process startup, but instead will be delayed until the first binding to the object is made. |
| -z initfirst |
Marks the object so that its runtime
initialization occurs before the runtime initialization of
any other objects brought into the process at the same time. In addition, the object runtime
finalization will occur after the runtime finalization of any other objects removed from the process at the same time. This option is only meaningful when building a shared object. |
| -z loadfltr |
Marks the object to require that when building a filter, its filtees be processed immediately at runtime. Normally, filter processing is delayed until a symbol reference is bound to the filter. The runtime processing of an object that contains this flag mimics that which occurs if the LD_LOADFLTR environment variable is in effect.. |
| -z muldefs |
Allows multiple symbol definitions. By default, multiple symbol definitions that occur between relocatable objects will result in a fatal error condition. This option suppresses the error
condition and allows the first symbol definition to be taken. |
| -z nodelete |
Marks the object as non-deletable at runtime. The runtime processing of an object that contains this flag mimics that which occurs if the object is added to a process using dlopen(3X) with the RTLD_NODELETE mode. |
| -z nodlopen |
Marks the object as not available to dlopen(3X), either as the object specified by the dlopen(), or as any form of dependency required by the object specified by the dlopen(). This option is only meaningful when building a shared object. |
| -z nopartial |
If there are any partially initialized symbols in the input relocatable object files, the partially initialized symbols are expanded when the output file is generated. |
| -z noversion |
Do not record any versioning sections. Any version sections or associated .dynamic section entries will not be generated in the output image. |
| -z now |
Marks the object to override the runtime linker's default mode and require non-lazy runtime binding. This is similar to adding the object to the
process by using dlopen(3X) with the RTLD_NOW mode, or setting the LD_BIND_NOW environment variable in effect. |
| -z origin |
Marks the object as requiring immediate $ORIGIN processing at runtime. |
| -z redlocsym |
Eliminates all local symbols except for the SECT symbols from the symbol table SHT_SYMTAB. All relocations that refer to local symbols will be
updated to refer to the corresponding SECT symbol. |
| -z text |
In dynamic mode only, force a fatal error if any relocations against non-writable, allocatable
sections remain. |
| -z textoff |
In dynamic mode only, allow relocations against all allocatable sections, including
non-writable ones. This is the default when building a shared object. |
| -z textwarn |
In dynamic mode only, list a warning if any
relocations against non-writable, allocatable sections remain. This is the default when building an
executable. |
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