Pinging IP worked -
That confirms that you don't have a hardware problem anywhere. This is clearly a software problem... A thumb drive is a flash drive, you know, those little memory sticks that you store on your keychain ? They have a million names and they go into a USB port.
Download that program from another computer, put it on a thumb drive, walk it over to your problem laptop and run WinsockFix, reboot the comupter and try connecting via wifi... If it doesn't work, the only other thing I can suggest is using a bootable anti-virus program to check for viruses or backing up all your data and reinstalling... I don't think it's worth putting much more time into..